Pathogens enter new reservoirs through specific portals of entry and exit, utilizing various methods for transmission.
Pathogens enter a new reservoir through a portal of entry that provides access to tissues with the proper environment for multiplication. For example, respiratory infections often use the mouth or nose as portals of entry.
The portal of exit allows the pathogen to leave the infected host and infect a new host. Common portals of exit include respiratory, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts.
Infections are transmitted when pathogens utilize specific portals of exit such as coughing, sneezing, secretions, and excretions to leave the body and infect new hosts.
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