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Among the options provided, the statement that cannot be said of African societies is:
A. by the threat of superior armies they were forced to engage in a slave trade.
Here's an explanation for each option:
A. African societies were not forced into engaging in the slave trade by the threat of superior armies. The transatlantic slave trade was largely driven by economic factors, demand for labor in the Americas, and collaboration with African rulers and traders.
B. Despite the introduction of Catholicism and Islam, traditional beliefs and customs were often preserved in African societies, showcasing a blend of traditional and new religious influences.
C. African societies did indeed establish vast trading networks, including the Trans-Saharan trade, Indian Ocean trade, and internal trade routes that connected different regions within the continent.
D. African resources did attract outsiders such as Europeans and Arabs due to the rich natural resources found in various regions of Africa, leading to trade, colonization, and interactions.
Therefore, option A is the exception as it does not accurately characterize the dynamics of African societies in relation to the slave trade.
