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20. When two parents have the genotype Gg for a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele, there is a 25% chance that their children will inherit the disorder. This is because the recessive allele needs to be inherited from both parents (one from each) in order for the disorder to be expressed in the offspring. The possible combinations for the children's genotype from these parents are GG, Gg, and gg. Only the gg combination represents the child inheriting the disorder, which occurs in 1 out of 4 possibilities, thus a 25% chance.
21. The genetic makeup of each individual is called the genotype. It refers to the specific combination of alleles (different forms of a gene) that an individual possesses. For example, in the case of a genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele, the genotype of an individual could be GG, Gg, or gg, where gg represents the presence of the recessive allele responsible for the disorder.
22. The appearance of a certain trait in an organism is known as its phenotype. This refers to how a specific trait looks or is expressed in an individual. For example, if we consider eye color as a trait, the phenotype could be blue eyes, brown eyes, etc. The phenotype is influenced by the genotype, as the genes (genotype) determine how the trait will be expressed (phenotype) in an organism.
