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The correct answer to why two human body cells are able to have different functions is:
4. They have different DNA, but express the same genes.
Explanation:
1. Differentiation of cells: In multicellular organisms like humans, different types of cells perform specific functions in the body. This specialization is called cell differentiation.
2. Gene expression: While most cells in the body contain the same set of genes (DNA), the key to their different functions lies in which genes are turned on or expressed. Cells regulate gene expression, determining which genes are active and producing proteins that carry out specific functions.
3. DNA and gene expression: Even though different cells may have different DNA sequences due to mutations or rearrangements, they can still express the same set of genes. This means that cells with distinct functions can arise from the same genetic material by selectively expressing specific genes.
By having different DNA but expressing the same genes, cells can exhibit diverse functions while sharing a common genetic blueprint. This versatility allows for the specialization and coordination of various cell types within the human body.
