The planet in our solar system that was predicted mathematically before it was observed is Neptune. Here's how it happened:
1. In the 19th century, astronomers observed that the orbit of Uranus didn't match the predictions based on Newton's laws of motion and gravity.
2. French mathematician Urbain Le Verrier and British mathematician John Couch Adams independently used mathematical calculations to predict the existence and position of an unknown planet that could explain the discrepancies in Uranus' orbit.
3. Le Verrier sent his predictions to astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle at the Berlin Observatory, who then observed Neptune for the first time on September 23, 1846, very close to the predicted location.
4. This discovery of Neptune based on mathematical predictions was a significant achievement in the history of astronomy, showcasing the power of mathematical modeling in predicting celestial objects.
Therefore, Neptune is the planet in our solar system that was predicted mathematically before it was observed, highlighting the importance of mathematical calculations in advancing our understanding of the universe.
