In the context of increased consumption in affluent countries, certain correlations can be observed as discussed in lectures and Moran. Let's break down the provided options:
1. A decrease in pollution and CO2 emissions:
- Explanation: Increased consumption in affluent countries often leads to higher levels of pollution and greenhouse gas emissions due to higher production and consumption of goods and services. This is because more consumption usually requires more resources, leading to an increase in pollution and carbon dioxide emissions.
2. An increase in happiness:
- Explanation: The relationship between increased consumption and happiness is complex and not always straightforward. While consumption of certain goods and services can bring temporary happiness, studies suggest that a continuous increase in material consumption may not necessarily lead to sustained happiness. Factors such as social relationships, mental well-being, and a sense of purpose play significant roles in long-term happiness.
3. A decrease in gaps in wealth (i.e., a decrease in inequality):
- Explanation: Increased consumption in affluent countries can sometimes widen the gap between the wealthy and the less affluent individuals. This is because those with higher incomes can afford to consume more, leading to a disparity in wealth distribution. Consequently, it can contribute to an increase in inequality rather than a decrease.
4. An increase in employment:
- Explanation: Increased consumption can lead to a higher demand for goods and services, potentially creating job opportunities in various sectors to meet this demand. However, the type of employment created and its sustainability can vary. Some sectors may experience growth in employment, while others might face automation or job displacement due to changes in consumption patterns.
In summary, increased consumption in affluent countries is often associated with higher pollution and CO2 emissions, may not guarantee increased happiness in the long term, can potentially widen wealth gaps, and can influence employment opportunities in diverse ways depending on the sector and technological advancements.
