When a composer shortens a musical idea by using only a part of it, this technique is known as "fragmentation." Fragmentation involves taking a complete musical idea or motif and breaking it down into smaller fragments or segments.
Here's why each option is incorrect:
A. Condensation: Condensation typically refers to the process of making something more concise or compact, rather than breaking it down into smaller parts.
B. Repetition: Repetition involves the restatement of a musical idea or motif without altering its content or structure.
C. Variation: Variation is a technique where a musical idea is modified or transformed while still retaining some elements of the original idea.
D. Fragmentation: This is the correct answer, as explained above.
In summary, when a composer shortens a musical idea by using only a part of it, they are employing the technique of fragmentation, which involves breaking down a complete musical idea into smaller fragments or segments.
