To differentiate between divergent and convergent evolution, we need to understand their core concepts:
Divergent evolution:
1. Divergent evolution refers to the process where two or more species that share a common ancestor become increasingly different over time.
2. These species evolve in different environments, leading to distinct traits and characteristics.
3. An example of divergent evolution is the finch species found in the Galápagos Islands. These finches descended from a common ancestor but adapted to different food sources on various islands, resulting in different beak shapes specialized for different diets.
Convergent evolution:
1. Convergent evolution occurs when different species evolve similar traits or characteristics independently due to similar environmental pressures.
2. These species are not closely related but develop analogous structures or functions.
3. An example of convergent evolution is the similar body shapes of dolphins (mammals) and sharks (fish). Despite their different evolutionary origins, both species have streamlined bodies to help them move efficiently through water.
In summary, divergent evolution leads to species becoming more different over time from a common ancestor, while convergent evolution results in different species developing similar traits due to similar environmental challenges.
