1. What characterizes the French Revolution?
The French Revolution was characterized by the overthrow of the absolute monarchy and the feudal system, leading to the establishment of a republic. It was marked by significant social, political, and economic changes, including the rise of nationalism and the idea of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
2. How long did the French Revolution last?
The French Revolution lasted approximately 10 years, from 1789 to 1799. It began with the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, and ended with the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte to power through the coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799.
3. What aspects were considered normal in the Ancien Régime?
In the Ancien Régime, which refers to the pre-revolutionary period in France, society was divided into three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. The clergy and nobility enjoyed privileges such as exemption from taxes, while the commoners faced heavy taxation and social inequalities.
4. Mention two causes that triggered the French Revolution.
Two significant causes of the French Revolution were:
- Economic hardship: Widespread poverty, food shortages, and high taxes burdened the common people while the nobility and clergy lived luxuriously.
- Enlightenment ideas: The spread of Enlightenment philosophy advocating for individual rights, equality, and challenging the authority of the monarchy inspired the French people to seek change and reform.
