Homologous chromosomes exchanging entire segments in meiosis is called "Crossing over." This process occurs during prophase I of meiosis. During crossing over, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of genetic material. This exchange results in the recombination of genes between the chromosomes, leading to genetic variation in the offspring.
By exchanging segments, crossing over creates new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes. This increases genetic diversity in the gametes produced during meiosis, which is essential for evolution and adaptation in populations.
In summary, crossing over is a crucial process in meiosis that enhances genetic variation by shuffling genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
