The process of a nuclear chain reaction involves the following steps:
1. Initiation: The chain reaction begins with a neutron striking the nucleus of a fissile atom, like uranium-235. This collision causes the nucleus to split into two smaller nuclei and release more neutrons.
2. Propagation: The newly released neutrons from the fission reaction can then collide with other fissile nuclei, causing them to undergo fission as well. This releases more neutrons and continues the chain reaction.
3. Multiplication: As the chain reaction progresses, the number of fission events and released neutrons increases exponentially, leading to a rapid release of energy.
4. Control: To prevent an uncontrolled chain reaction that could result in a nuclear meltdown or explosion, control rods made of materials like boron or cadmium are used to absorb excess neutrons and regulate the rate of fission.
5. Termination: The chain reaction can be stopped by removing the source of neutrons or inserting more control rods to absorb the neutrons, halting the fission process and reducing the energy output.
Overall, a nuclear chain reaction is a self-sustaining process where each fission event triggers more fissions, releasing energy and additional neutrons, which in turn continue the reaction until controlled or stopped.
