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When 1 gram of water undergoes a phase change, the greatest amount of energy will be absorbed during the process of evaporation.
Here's why:
1. Evaporation is the phase change from liquid to gas, which requires a significant amount of energy to break the intermolecular bonds between water molecules. This process involves the water molecules gaining energy to escape the liquid phase and become water vapor.
2. In comparison, melting (A) and freezing (B) involve the phase change between solid and liquid states, requiring less energy than evaporation. During melting, solid water gains energy to become liquid, and during freezing, liquid water releases energy to become solid.
3. Condensation (D) is the phase change from gas to liquid, where water vapor releases energy to form liquid water. This process involves less energy compared to evaporation since it's the opposite transition.
Therefore, the phase change that will absorb the greatest amount of energy by 1 gram of water is evaporation (C).
