DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) serves as the genetic material in living organisms, carrying instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of cells. Two important functions of DNA are:
1. Genetic Information Storage:
- DNA stores genetic information in the form of genes, which are specific sequences of nucleotides.
- Genes contain instructions for making proteins, which are essential molecules for various cellular functions.
- The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, thereby influencing traits and characteristics of organisms.
- Mutations in DNA can lead to changes in the genetic information, potentially resulting in variations and evolution within species.
2. DNA Replication:
- Before a cell divides, DNA must replicate to ensure each new cell receives an identical copy of the genetic information.
- During DNA replication, the double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two strands, each serving as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
- Enzymes facilitate the addition of nucleotides to form new strands, resulting in two identical DNA molecules.
- Accurate DNA replication is crucial for maintaining genetic stability and ensuring proper functioning of cells.
These functions are fundamental to the role of DNA in living organisms, emphasizing its significance in inheritance, development, and overall biological processes.
