Final answer:
Homologous chromosomes contain the same genes in the same order, contributing to genetic diversity and trait inheritance.
Explanation:
Homologous chromosomes are matching pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that contain the same genes in the same order, originating from different parental sources. These chromosomes play a crucial role in genetic inheritance as they carry genes that affect the same characteristics at the same locations.
For example, humans have homologous pairs of chromosomes, where one comes from the egg cell and the other from the sperm cell. They are essential for genetic diversity and the inheritance of traits such as hair color or the shape of earlobes.
In summary, homologous chromosomes are integral in genetic variation and the transmission of inherited characteristics in sexually reproducing organisms.
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