Answer:
La Niña and El Niño are climate phenomena that can have significant impacts on human health. La Niña is characterized by cooler than average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, while El Niño is characterized by warmer than average sea surface temperatures in the same region. These phenomena can lead to changes in weather patterns around the world, which in turn can affect human health in various ways.
Explanation:
For example, during La Niña events, certain regions may experience increased precipitation, leading to an elevated risk of flooding and the spread of waterborne diseases. On the other hand, El Niño can lead to drought conditions in some areas, which can result in water scarcity and food shortages, ultimately impacting nutrition and food security.
In addition, changes in weather patterns associated with La Niña and El Niño can also affect the prevalence of certain vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, as well as the incidence of heat-related illnesses.
Overall, the impacts of La Niña and El Niño on human health are complex and can vary depending on the specific region and the existing social and environmental conditions. Understanding these impacts is important for public health preparedness and response efforts.