The major effects of European colonization in Africa included disregard for existing boundaries, promotion of free trade, and fostering civil conflicts.
Disregard for existing political or ethnic boundaries: One major effect of European colonization in Africa was the disregard for existing political or ethnic boundaries, leading to artificial divisions that often resulted in conflicts.
Promotion of free trade across countries: Another significant impact was the promotion of free trade across countries, which introduced new economic dynamics in Africa.
Civil conflicts within Africa: European colonization also fostered civil conflicts within Africa as different groups vied for power and resources in the newly drawn borders.
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