Final answer:
Saponification is the organic reaction that produces soap by hydrolyzing esters under basic conditions.
Explanation:
Saponification is the process that produces soap from the hydrolysis of esters under basic conditions. This reaction leads to the formation of soap molecules, such as sodium stearate, from long-chain esters like fatty acid esters. The reaction involves the cleavage of triglycerides in a basic solution to form glycerol and soap molecules.
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