Final answer:
England's success in the Middle Ages was influenced by strong leadership, advanced bureaucratic systems, and social structures that promoted mobility.
Explanation:
England's success in the Middle Ages can be attributed to several key factors:
- Consolidation under strong rulers like Alfred the Great, who established a network of fortresses to defend against invasions.
- The development of a sophisticated bureaucracy through innovative tax systems, setting England apart in Western Europe.
- A shift towards a middle class due to practices such as younger sons of nobility entering commoner ranks, fostering social mobility.
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