The ribosome is responsible for linking amino acids to form proteins based on the genetic code in mRNA sequences. The independent variable in the experiment is the 5' deletions of DNA fragments, and the pUC18/19 plasmid could be used as the negative control for luciferase activity.
The cellular component responsible for producing the luciferase protein from mRNAs transcribed in the plasmid-containing T lymphocytes is the ribosome. Ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm of the cell where translation takes place to link amino acids in the correct order to form the luciferase protein.
Amino acid sequence in a protein is dictated by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA, known as the genetic code. Each set of three nucleotides (codon) in the mRNA corresponds to a specific amino acid, determining the correct order of amino acids in the protein.
In the experiment described, the independent variable is the progressive 5' deletions of the DNA fragment. The plasmid used as a negative control for luciferase activity might be pUC18/19, justified by its non-CD3y active promoter compared to the other plasmids used.
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