Inflectional and derivational affixes alter word forms without changing basic meanings.
Inflectional affixes do not change the basic meaning of a word but instead indicate grammatical information such as number, tense, and case. An example of this is the inflectional affix 's' in the word 'speeches,' which indicates plurality without altering the core meaning of the word.
In contrast, derivational affixes can change a word's part of speech while still retaining its fundamental meaning. For instance, adding the suffix '-ly' to the noun 'friend' forms the adverb 'friendly,' altering the word's grammatical function from a noun to an adverb.
Understanding the distinction between inflectional and derivational affixes is crucial in analyzing how words can be modified to convey different grammatical nuances while preserving or transforming their essential meanings.
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