Final answer:
Mitochondria reproduce through binary fission within the cell, while chloroplasts replicate by splitting in two. Both organelles have their own DNA and inherited characteristics from bacteria.
Explanation:
Mitochondria reproduce through a process called binary fission, where they divide independently within the cell. They have their own circular DNA chromosome and replicate within the cytoplasm during cell division.
Chloroplasts replicate by pinching in two and do not form from scratch. They contain their own DNA inherited from a cyanobacterium ancestor and must be inherited by daughter cells during division.
Both organelles have genomes resembling bacteria, and their reproduction supports the idea that they were once independent organisms.
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