Answer :

Answer: a. update, b. deletion, and c. insertion

Explanation:

  • a. update: Changes existing data in the database and modifies the values of one or more columns in existing rows of a table.
  • b. deletion: Removes existing data from the database and deletes rows from a table based on specified conditions.
  • c: insertion: adds new data to the database and inserts new rows into a table.

d. initialization recovery is incorrect. Initialization involves preparing the database for use, which may include creating tables, defining schemas, and setting initial data. Recovery involves restoring the database to a consistent state after a failure, such as a crash or corruption. These do not modify a database.

The three main mechanisms to modify a database are - a. update, b. deletion, c. insertion.

When working with databases, there are three key mechanisms to modify the data. These are known as insertion, update, and deletion. Together with reading data, these actions are referred to as CRUD operations, which stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete.

Insertion refers to adding new records to the database. For example, using an SQL command like INSERT, we can add new data entries to our database tables. Update modifies existing data based on specified criteria, using commands like UPDATE in SQL to change values within records. Lastly, deletion removes data from the database, utilizing commands such as DELETE to eliminate records that are no longer needed.