Final answer:
Lichens are a symbiotic association between a fungus and algae/cyanobacterium, viewed as controlled parasitism, with important environmental functions.
Explanation:
Lichens are a symbiotic association between a fungus and an algae or a cyanobacterium. This relationship is usually considered as a controlled parasitism, where the fungus benefits at the expense of the algae or cyanobacterium. Lichens play crucial environmental roles and can survive in various habitats for long periods.
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