This response explains the concepts of independent variable, dependent variable, and controlled variable with examples.
Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In an example where technology use in the classroom affects learning, the independent variable would be the type of learning.
Dependent Variable: The variable that is measured to determine the effect of the independent variable. In the same example, the dependent variable would be the learning exhibited by the participants.
Controlled Variable: Variables that are kept constant throughout the experiment to ensure they do not affect the dependent variable. For instance, in a study on violent television programs affecting children's behavior, controlled variables could include the time of exposure to the programs and the age group of children.
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