Light waves bend towards the normal line when passing from glass to air and standing waves form crests through constructive interference and nodes through destructive interference.
When a light wave passes at an angle through a chunk of glass into the air, it bends towards the normal line. This phenomenon is due to the change in the speed of light as it travels from a medium with a higher refractive index (glass) to a medium with a lower refractive index (air). This bending is known as refraction. In a standing wave, crests are produced by constructive interference, while nodes are produced by destructive interference. Constructive interference occurs when two waves meet in phase, leading to increased amplitude, representing the crests. Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet out of phase, resulting in decreased amplitude and forming the nodes.
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