Final answer:
The Provisional Government's decision to continue the war effort despite its unpopularity led to a loss of support from the Russian population.
Explanation:
The decision made by the leaders of the Provisional Government that lost them the support of much of the Russian population was their choice to continue the war effort despite its unpopularity. This government, dominated by liberal thinkers, failed to bring order and faced opposition from the growing influence of the Soviets, which offered an alternative power structure.
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