Final answer:
The geography and topography of ancient Greece and Rome significantly influenced the development of city-states and empires.
Explanation:
Geography and topography played significant roles in shaping both Greek and Roman history. In ancient Greece, the rugged terrain led to the rise of city-states like Athens and Sparta, each with its unique characteristics. These city-states were fiercely independent and had their own governments, laws, armies, and cultural identities.
In contrast, the Roman Empire's geographic features, such as its central location in the Mediterranean and the presence of natural barriers, facilitated its expansion and the development of a vast empire. Rome's strategic positioning allowed for extensive trade networks and military conquests, contributing to its dominance in the ancient world.
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