Primary succession involves pioneer species establishing on new land formed through natural processes like volcanic eruptions, leading to a diverse ecosystem over time.
Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or when existing soil and life are removed. An example is the eruption of volcanoes like on the Big Island of Hawaii, where lava continually adds new land. This process begins with pioneer species like lichens and hearty plants that break down rock into soil, paving the way for other species to thrive, ultimately leading to an equilibrium state.
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