(1)
11. 'Benzene is an aromatic compound.'
a. How do you explain for the above statement?
(2)
b. Write any four properties of aromatic compounds. (2)
c. How is benzene prepared from acetylene? (1)
d. What happens when benzene is treated with Cl, in presence of
absence of sunlight? Write the reaction involved in nitration of
benzene.
(1+2)

Aromatic compounds contain benzene rings or benzene-like properties, showcasing unique stability, resonance, aromacity, and reactivity. Benzene can be derived from acetylene, chlorination yields different products in sunlight versus absence of sunlight, and nitration involves the addition of NO₂.

Explanation:

An aromatic compound is defined as any compound containing a benzene ring or displaying benzene-like properties.

Properties of aromatic compounds:

Stability: Aromatic compounds are exceptionally stable due to delocalized pi-electrons.
Resonance: They exhibit resonance structures that contribute to their stability.
Aromacity: Aromatic compounds follow Huckel's Rule: 4n+2 pi-electrons in a cyclic, planar, conjugated system.
Reactivity: They have unique reactions like electrophilic aromatic substitution and are less reactive than alkenes.

Benzene preparation from acetylene:

Benzene can be prepared from acetylene through partial hydrogenation or by the reaction of acetylene with water.

Chlorination of benzene:

Chlorination in the absence of sunlight gives chlorobenzene, while in sunlight, it leads to a mixture of ortho- and para-chlorotoluene. The nitration of benzene involves the addition of NO₂ under specific conditions.

Learn more about Aromatic compounds, benzene preparation, chlorination of benzene, nitration of benzene here:

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