Final answer:
Mutations can be caused by errors during DNA replication or exposure to environmental mutagens, leading to various effects on organisms.
Explanation:
Mutations occur due to errors during DNA replication or exposure to environmental mutagens. Mistakes in replication or transcription can lead to spontaneous mutations, while exposure to mutagens like chemicals or radiation can cause induced mutations. These mutations can have various effects on an organism, from silent mutations to mutations causing diseases like cancer.
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