Final answer:
Glasnost and Perestroika were policies by Gorbachev in the 1980s that aimed to bring openness and economic restructuring to the Soviet Union, ultimately leading to its collapse.
Explanation:
Glasnost and Perestroika were policies introduced by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s. Glasnost focused on increasing government transparency and freedom of speech, while Perestroika aimed to restructure the Soviet economy with market-like reforms. These initiatives contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union by exposing underlying economic problems and loosening government controls.
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