Eccentricity and obliquity are key components of Earth's orbital patterns that impact the global climate over long time scales.
Eccentricity and obliquity are both part of the Milankovitch cycles that influence global climate over thousands of years. Eccentricity refers to the shape of Earth's orbital path, changing between circular and elliptical over about 100,000 years. Obliquity, or tilt, describes the angle of Earth's axis of rotation to its orbit, varying on a 41,000-year cycle.
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