Neanderthal skulls are characterized by occipital buns and large nasal cavities, aiding in running balance and cold adaptation.
The distinctive trait of Neanderthal skulls is the presence of occipital buns, protrusions at the back of the skull that helped counterbalance their heavy faces while running and aided in protecting against horizontal accelerations. Additionally, Neanderthals had large nasal cavities and infraorbital foramina, enabling adaptations to extremely cold environments by allowing for increased blood flow near the skin and warming of inspired air.
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