Positive and negative reinforcement are methods of strengthening behavior, while positive punishment weakens responses by adding unpleasant stimuli.
Positive reinforcement involves adding something pleasant to increase a response, like giving a treat for sitting. On the other hand, negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant to strengthen a response, such as stopping nagging when a task is completed. Positive punishment weakens a response by adding an unpleasant stimulus, e.g., reprimanding a student for texting in class.
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