Somatic cells are diploid with 2 sets of chromosomes, while gametes are haploid with 1 set. The fusion of gametes during fertilization results in diploid zygotes. Chromosome number influences genetic inheritance in daughter cells.
Diploid and Haploid Cells: Somatic cells are diploid, containing 2 sets of chromosomes (2n), while gametes are haploid, having only 1 set of chromosomes (n). During fertilization, haploid gametes combine to form a diploid zygote. The chromosome number dictates the genetic material passed on to daughter cells.
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