Sumerian city-states in ancient Mesopotamia, initially religious sites, transformed into commercial and governmental centers ruled by priest-kings and later secular kings.
Sumerian city-states were significant organizational structures in ancient Mesopotamia, with temples dedicated to patron deities at their centers and priestly governors ruling over religious affairs. These city-states encompassed farms and canals to support the population, with some reaching sizes as large as 100,000 people. While most city-states began as religious sites, they evolved into commercial and governmental centers, where rulers, including priest-kings and later secular kings, held power and engaged in alliances, competitions, and warfare.
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