The Copernican explanation for retrograde motion and the role of epicycles in planetary motion.
The Copernican explanation for retrograde motion requires that:
Retrograde motion is when a planet appears to move backward in its orbit, which was initially explained by Ptolemy with epicycles. This contradicted the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus where planets have elliptical orbits and retrograde motion is a result of Earth overtaking the slower-moving outer planets.
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