Final answer:
Genes, which are DNA segments, contain genetic information that determines specific traits in organisms.
Explanation:
Gene: A chromosomal (DNA or RNA in some) segment that codes for a single polypeptide chain or RNA molecule is known as a gene. Each chromosome contains many genes which are responsible for specific traits.
DNA Segment Encoding Traits: A gene is a short segment of DNA that contains information to encode an RNA molecule or a protein strand. It is the fundamental unit of heredity and carries the instructions for the formation, functioning, and maintenance of an organism.
Genome Composition: The genome, which consists of an organism's chromosomes, contains hundreds to thousands of genes. These genes are segments of DNA that code for various traits, contributing to the genetic makeup of an individual.
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