The collapse of party systems in countries like Venezuela and Peru was a key event in the democratization process, influenced by factors like corruption and ideological shifts. In contrast, the shift towards democracy in Portugal in the 1970s marked a broader wave of democratization.
The collapse of the party system in various countries, such as Venezuela and Peru, played a significant role in the democratization process of these nations. This collapse was influenced by factors like corruption, weakening party organizations, and ideological shifts, leading to the rise of charismatic leaders like Hugo Chávez. In contrast, countries like Portugal shifted towards democracy in the 1970s, marking a wave of democratization that also affected authoritarian regimes in Spain, Taiwan, South Korea, and even the Soviet Union.
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