Answer :
Final answer:
Submerged breakwaters are aesthetically preferred but can lead to shoreline erosion if not properly designed. Emerged breakwaters with high crest levels enhance accretion and require mitigation measures. Understanding circulation currents and shoreline response is crucial for submerged breakwater design.
Explanation:
Submerged breakwaters are preferred for their aesthetic appeal but have caused shoreline erosion in some cases. If not designed correctly, they can lead to negative morphological effects like local scour and erosion.
Emerged breakwaters with crest levels above Mean Sea Level (MSL) enhance accretion in their lee and have been used successfully for coastal protection. Mitigation measures like transitional zones with varying gap lengths and crest levels are crucial for breakwater design.
Understanding the circulation currents and shoreline response is essential for the successful application of submerged breakwaters. Guidelines for their design are limited, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of their morphodynamic impact.
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