observational study is
O a data collection method in which subjects are observed and outcomes are recorded
O offer a free-response/text approach
O any number that summarizes a population
O consists of all of the people we want to learn something about



Answer :

Final answer:

Observational studies involve collecting data without manipulating variables.


Explanation:

Observational studies, also known as observational experiments, involve collecting data from a population of individuals without applying any treatments. In these studies, researchers measure characteristics in a sample but do not manipulate or control variables of interest. An example of such a study would be the comparison of groundwater nitrate concentrations among several Iowa counties.


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