39. Contraindications for catheterization includes all except
a. Urge incontinence
b. Spasm of the bladder
c. Acute retention
d. Traumatic injury to the lower urinary tract



Answer :

Final answer:

Contraindications for catheterization include urge incontinence, spasm of the bladder, and acute retention, with traumatic injury to the lower urinary tract not being an exception.


Explanation:

Contraindications for catheterization include:

  1. Urge incontinence
  2. Spasm of the bladder
  3. Acute retention
  4. Traumatic injury to the lower urinary tract (not an exception)

Catheterization is contraindicated in traumatic injury to the lower urinary tract because inserting a catheter in such cases can worsen the injury.


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