12. Which of the following is required for an arrest?
a.
the use of handcuffs
b.
C.
d.
an act by an officer indicating the intention to detain the person and
subject him or her to the officer's will
a formal declaration of arrest
all of the above



Answer :

Final answer:

An arrest requires an act by an officer indicating the intention to detain, with handcuffs sometimes used in the process.


Explanation:

An arrest requires an act by an officer indicating the intention to detain the person and subject him or her to the officer's will. Handcuffs are not specifically required for an arrest, but they are often used in conjunction with the act of arrest. Additionally, a formal declaration of arrest is not always necessary, as long as the officer clearly communicates the intention to detain the individual.


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