Answer:
a. Bones that are porous and fragile due to a low mineral density
c. Presence of a stress-induced fracture
d. A T-score of -2.5 or less
Osteoporosis is characterized by bones that become porous and fragile due to low mineral density, particularly calcium. This weakening of the bones can lead to an increased risk of fractures, especially stress-induced fractures. A key diagnostic criterion for osteoporosis is a T-score of -2.5 or less on a bone mineral density test. This indicates significant bone loss and an increased risk for fractures. Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) is a separate condition that is not directly related to osteoporosis. Understanding these key aspects of osteoporosis can help in its diagnosis, prevention, and management.