Athens developed democracy while Sparta had an oligarchic system. The Athenian political system allowed for broader citizen participation compared to Sparta.
The development of the Athenian political system during the Archaic period led to the establishment of democracy, where all adult male citizens could participate in government. In contrast, Sparta was ruled by an oligarchy with an elite class of soldier-citizens in control. Despite Athens' limited democracy, its emphasis on citizen participation set it apart from Sparta's more restrictive governing structure.
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