In biology, certain molecules like Water, CO2, CO, and O2 can pass easily through the cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer, while ions and large polar molecules require transport proteins.
In the context of substances passing through the phospholipid bilayer, Water, CO2, CO, and O2 are examples that move efficiently across the lipid bilayer due to their properties. These molecules can easily diffuse through the membrane without the need for assistance from proteins. On the other hand, substances like ions and large polar molecules do not pass through the lipid bilayer easily and require specific transport proteins.
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