To answer the given questions using the provided table containing specific heat values for different materials:
1. Highest Specific Heat:
We need to determine which material has the highest specific heat among the given materials. Here are the specific heat values for quick reference:
- aluminum: 0.90 J/g°C
- iron: 0.44 J/g°C
- lead: 0.16 J/g°C
- sand: 0.83 J/g°C
- steel: 0.49 J/g°C
- wood: 1.80 J/g°C
- water: 4.18 J/g°C
By comparing the values, we see that water has the highest specific heat of 4.18 J/g°C. Therefore, the material with the highest specific heat is:
[tex]\(\boxed{\text{water}}\)[/tex]
2. Lowest Specific Heat:
Next, we determine which material has the lowest specific heat among the given materials. Again, here are the specific heat values:
- aluminum: 0.90 J/g°C
- iron: 0.44 J/g°C
- lead: 0.16 J/g°C
- sand: 0.83 J/g°C
- steel: 0.49 J/g°C
- wood: 1.80 J/g°C
- water: 4.18 J/g°C
By comparing the values, we see that lead has the lowest specific heat of 0.16 J/g°C. Therefore, the material with the lowest specific heat is:
[tex]\(\boxed{\text{lead}}\)[/tex]
3. Material that can absorb twice as much heat as aluminum:
To find the material that can absorb twice as much heat as aluminum when placed in the same environment of mass and temperature, we first calculate twice the specific heat of aluminum:
[tex]\[
2 \times 0.90 \, J/g°C = 1.80 \, J/g°C
\][/tex]
We now look for a material with a specific heat value of at least 1.80 J/g°C in the provided list:
- aluminum: 0.90 J/g°C
- iron: 0.44 J/g°C
- lead: 0.16 J/g°C
- sand: 0.83 J/g°C
- steel: 0.49 J/g°C
- wood: 1.80 J/g°C
- water: 4.18 J/g°C
We find that wood has a specific heat of 1.80 J/g°C, which matches our target value, making it the material that can absorb twice as much heat as aluminum. Therefore, the material with the ability to absorb twice as much heat as aluminum is:
[tex]\(\boxed{\text{wood}}\)[/tex]
