To solve for the compound [tex]\( X \)[/tex] in the reaction:
[tex]\[ NaOH + X \longrightarrow NaCH_3COO + H_2O \][/tex]
we need to identify the reactant [tex]\( X \)[/tex] that reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce sodium acetate (NaCH_3COO) and water (H_2O).
Let's examine the chemical reaction provided:
1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base.
2. Sodium acetate (NaCH_3COO) is the sodium salt of acetic acid.
When a strong base like NaOH reacts with an acid, it forms a salt and water. The general form of this neutralization reaction can be written as:
[tex]\[ \text{Base} + \text{Acid} \longrightarrow \text{Salt} + \text{Water} \][/tex]
Given the product sodium acetate (NaCH_3COO), the acid must be acetic acid (CH_3COOH), since it reacts with NaOH to form sodium acetate and water:
[tex]\[ NaOH + CH_3COOH \longrightarrow NaCH_3COO + H_2O \][/tex]
Thus, [tex]\( X \)[/tex] must be acetic acid (CH_3COOH).
Let’s verify the other given options:
1. [tex]\( NH_4OH \)[/tex] (Ammonium hydroxide) reacts with NaOH but does not form sodium acetate and water.
2. [tex]\( H_3PO_4 \)[/tex] (Phosphoric acid) also reacts differently with NaOH, not producing sodium acetate.
3. [tex]\( H_2CO_3 \)[/tex] (Carbonic acid) would form sodium carbonate or bicarbonate with NaOH, not sodium acetate.
Therefore, the only option that correctly fits the reaction provided is:
[tex]\[ \boxed{CH_3COOH} \][/tex]
