The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts from prokaryotic organisms through engulfment and symbiosis.
The endosymbiotic theory describes the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts within eukaryotic cells through a process where these organelles were once independent prokaryotic microbes that were engulfed by larger cells. Evidence supporting this theory includes the presence of their own DNA sequences separate from the host cell's nucleus, the similarities in structure between mitochondria/chloroplasts and free-living prokaryotes, and the process of binary fission observed in mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to prokaryotic cells.
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