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### Endothermic and Exothermic Activity

#### Assignment:
1. Create potential energy diagrams for each of the three chemical reactions.
2. Analyze the data and your diagrams for each reaction.

#### Data Chart:
| Generic Reactions | Reactants | Energy (kJ) | Products | Energy (kJ) | Transition State (kJ) |
|----------------------|-----------|-------------|----------|-------------|-----------------------|
| Synthesis | A + B | -15 kJ | AB | 20 kJ | 30 kJ |
| Single Replacement | C + AB | 65 kJ | CB + A | 30 kJ | 85 kJ |
| Double Replacement | AB + CD | 10 kJ | AD + BC | 60 kJ | 75 kJ |

#### Steps:
1. Illustrate the x- and y-axes to show the reaction pathway and potential energy.
2. Use the enthalpy values provided in the data chart for each generic reaction.



Answer :

GinnyAnswer
Let's analyze each of the three given reactions by creating potential energy diagrams and evaluating whether each reaction is endothermic or exothermic based on the given enthalpy values.

### 1. Synthesis Reaction: [tex]\( A + B \rightarrow AB \)[/tex]

#### Data:
- Reactants: [tex]\( A + B \)[/tex] with an energy of [tex]\(-15 \text{kJ}\)[/tex]
- Transition State: [tex]\( 30 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]
- Products: [tex]\( AB \)[/tex] with an energy of [tex]\( 20 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]

#### Potential Energy Diagram:
- The reactants start at [tex]\(-15 \text{kJ}\)[/tex].
- The transition state rises to [tex]\( 30 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
- The products end at [tex]\( 20 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].

#### Steps:
1. Start the diagram with reactants at [tex]\(-15 \text{kJ}\)[/tex].
2. Plot a peak (transition state) at [tex]\( 30 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
3. End with products at [tex]\( 20 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].

#### Analysis:
- Enthalpy Change (ΔH): [tex]\( 20 \text{kJ} - (-15 \text{kJ}) = 35 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]
- Since ΔH is positive, the reaction absorbs energy.
- Conclusion: The Synthesis Reaction is \textbf{endothermic}.

### 2. Single Replacement Reaction: [tex]\( C + AB \rightarrow CB + A \)[/tex]

#### Data:
- Reactants: [tex]\( C + AB \)[/tex] with an energy of [tex]\( 65 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]
- Transition State: [tex]\( 85 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]
- Products: [tex]\( CB + A \)[/tex] with an energy of [tex]\( 30 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]

#### Potential Energy Diagram:
- The reactants start at [tex]\( 65 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
- The transition state rises to [tex]\( 85 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
- The products end at [tex]\( 30 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].

#### Steps:
1. Start the diagram with reactants at [tex]\( 65 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
2. Plot a peak (transition state) at [tex]\( 85 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
3. End with products at [tex]\( 30 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].

#### Analysis:
- Enthalpy Change (ΔH): [tex]\( 30 \text{kJ} - 65 \text{kJ} = -35 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]
- Since ΔH is negative, the reaction releases energy.
- Conclusion: The Single Replacement Reaction is \textbf{exothermic}.

### 3. Double Replacement Reaction: [tex]\( AB + CD \rightarrow AD + BC \)[/tex]

#### Data:
- Reactants: [tex]\( AB + CD \)[/tex] with an energy of [tex]\( 10 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]
- Transition State: [tex]\( 75 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]
- Products: [tex]\( AD + BC \)[/tex] with an energy of [tex]\( 60 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]

#### Potential Energy Diagram:
- The reactants start at [tex]\( 10 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
- The transition state rises to [tex]\( 75 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
- The products end at [tex]\( 60 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].

#### Steps:
1. Start the diagram with reactants at [tex]\( 10 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
2. Plot a peak (transition state) at [tex]\( 75 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].
3. End with products at [tex]\( 60 \text{kJ} \)[/tex].

#### Analysis:
- Enthalpy Change (ΔH): [tex]\( 60 \text{kJ} - 10 \text{kJ} = 50 \text{kJ} \)[/tex]
- Since ΔH is positive, the reaction absorbs energy.
- Conclusion: The Double Replacement Reaction is \textbf{endothermic}.

### Summary:
- Synthesis Reaction: [tex]\( \Delta H = 35 \text{kJ} \)[/tex] (endothermic)
- Single Replacement Reaction: [tex]\( \Delta H = -35 \text{kJ} \)[/tex] (exothermic)
- Double Replacement Reaction: [tex]\( \Delta H = 50 \text{kJ} \)[/tex] (endothermic)

### Illustrating the Diagrams:
To visually create the diagrams, you can plot the potential energy on the y-axis and the reaction pathway on the x-axis. Each reaction will show an initial point for the reactants, a peak for the transition state, followed by a final point for the products.

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